FDA Food Code 2022 — Pest Control in Healthcare Food Service

Citation

U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Food Code 2022 (January 18, 2023 version). Section 6-501.111 “Controlling Pests” and Section 6-202.13 “Insect Control Devices, Design and Installation.” The 2022 Food Code (January 18, 2023 version) is the most recent full edition. FDA issued a Supplement to the 2022 Food Code in November 2024 (December 2024 version), which revises the 2022 text effective upon issuance; it does not alter §6-501.111 or §6-202.13.

Supplement to the 2022 Food Code (FDA, released November 4, 2024; posted PDF “December 2024 Version,” 65 pages): https://www.fda.gov/media/183271/download. The Supplement states that its changes “constitute revisions to the 2022 Food Code effective upon issuance.”

What It Says (Verbatim)

Section 6-501.111 Controlling Pests:

“The PREMISES shall be maintained free of insects, rodents, and other pests. The presence of insects, rodents, and other pests shall be controlled to eliminate their presence on the PREMISES by: (A) Routinely inspecting incoming shipments of FOOD and supplies; (B) Routinely inspecting the PREMISES for evidence of pests; (C) Using methods, if pests are found, such as trapping devices or other means of pest control as specified under §§ 7-202.12, 7-206.12, and 7-206.13; ^Pf and (D) Eliminating harborage conditions.”

Correction (September 12, 2026): this page previously rendered the second sentence as “controlled to minimize their presence.” The 2022 Food Code says eliminate. That is not a stylistic difference — minimize is a tolerance standard and eliminate is an absolute one, and the change is the whole point of the provision. The opening sentence, “The PREMISES shall be maintained free of insects, rodents, and other pests,” was also missing and has been restored. Verified against the FDA Food Code 2022 full document, §6-501.111, held in this reference’s primary-source archive.

Subsection (C) is designated Pf (Priority Foundation) — a violation severity classification indicating an item that supports, facilitates, or enables one or more priority items.

Section 6-202.13 Insect Control Devices, Design and Installation:

“(A) Insect control devices that are used to electrocute or stun flying insects shall be designed to retain the insect within the device. (B) Insect control devices shall be installed so that: (1) The devices are not located over a FOOD preparation area; and (2) Dead insects and insect fragments are prevented from being impelled onto or falling on exposed FOOD; clean EQUIPMENT, UTENSILS, and LINENS; and unwrapped SINGLE-SERVICE and SINGLE-USE ARTICLES.”

All Section 6-202.13 items are classified as Core items (lowest violation severity classification).

What It Means in Plain Language

The FDA Food Code is the federal model code for retail food establishment regulation. It is not itself directly enforceable at the federal level — it becomes enforceable through state adoption. Per FDA’s 2024 adoption report, 50 of the 51 state-level jurisdictions (the states and DC) have adopted some version of the Food Code — Maryland is the exception, and New York’s restaurant agency has not adopted while its retail-food agency has — and adopted versions range from the 1995 edition through the 2022 edition (with Supplement). Of the territories, Guam, CNMI, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands have adopted; American Samoa has not.

For healthcare facilities, the Food Code applies to dietary services, cafeteria operations, patient meal preparation, and any other food service operation within the facility. Hospital food service is governed by Food Code provisions, not by federal HACCP regulations.

Section 6-501.111 establishes the four-component pest control framework for food service:

1. Routine inspection of incoming shipments — pest exclusion at the receiving point
2. Routine inspection of the premises — ongoing monitoring for pest evidence
3. Pest control methods if pests are found — intervention when activity is detected
4. Elimination of harborage conditions — sanitation and structural exclusion

The Pf (Priority Foundation) designation on subsection (C) means that failure to use appropriate pest control methods when pests are found is a citation-grade violation in any FDA Food Code inspection. Under §8-405.11 a Pf violation is to be corrected at the time of inspection; the regulatory authority may agree to or specify a longer time frame, not to exceed 10 calendar days after the inspection.

Section 6-202.13 governs flying insect control devices (commonly called bug zappers or fly killers). The provisions require devices to retain insects (not throw insect fragments into the environment) and prohibit device installation over food preparation areas.

Who It Applies To

The FDA Food Code applies to retail food establishments within healthcare facilities through state adoption. Coverage includes:

• Hospital dietary services and patient meal preparation
• Hospital cafeterias open to staff, visitors, and ambulatory patients
• Skilled nursing facility and long-term care facility food service
• Hospice food service
• Ambulatory care facility cafeterias

Coverage does NOT include:

• Direct medical services
• Pharmacy operations (governed by USP and state pharmacy boards)
• Clinical laboratory operations
• Sterile processing (governed by separate standards)

Each state adopts a specific Food Code version. Healthcare facilities should verify their state’s adopted version and effective date. Most states currently operate under the 2013, 2017, or 2022 edition (36 states per FDA’s 2024 adoption report), some with the edition’s Supplement.

Documentation Evidence Required

For Food Code Section 6-501.111 compliance in healthcare food service:

• Incoming shipment inspection records demonstrating routine review of food and supply deliveries for pest evidence
• Routine premises inspection logs documenting periodic inspection of food service areas for pest activity
• Pest control intervention records demonstrating treatment actions taken when pests are found, including products used, methods, dates, and applicator credentials
• Harborage elimination documentation including structural repair records, sanitation logs, and storage organization standards

For Section 6-202.13 compliance:

• Installation records showing insect control device placement away from food preparation areas
• Maintenance records demonstrating device function and insect retention
• Periodic inspection of devices for accumulated insect fragments

How Surveyors Evaluate It

State health department food service inspectors evaluate healthcare food service operations against the state-adopted Food Code version. Inspection frequency is set by the adopting state; the model Food Code’s baseline is at least once every 6 months (§8-401.10(A)), with longer intervals permitted under a written risk-based schedule (§8-401.10(B)).

Inspector focus areas under Section 6-501.111:

• Visible pest activity or evidence (droppings, gnaw marks, insect fragments, harborage)
• Inspection records for incoming shipments and routine premises inspection
• Documented pest control intervention when activity has been observed
• Structural and sanitation conditions that constitute pest harborage (clutter, gaps, food residue, standing water)

Common Pf-level findings under 6-501.111(C) include observed live pest activity in food service areas, evidence of recent pest activity without documented intervention, and use of unapproved pest control methods.

Common Core-level findings under 6-202.13 include insect control devices installed over food preparation surfaces, devices with visible accumulated insect debris, and devices that do not retain insects (open-grid electrocution devices that throw fragments).

Joint Commission and DNV-GL surveyors also evaluate hospital food service pest management as part of broader Environment of Care or Physical Environment standards review, typically referencing state-adopted Food Code provisions and HICPAC E.V. as standards of care.

Confidence Notes

HIGH confidence. Section 6-501.111 and Section 6-202.13 verbatim text reproduced from FDA primary source. Pf (Priority Foundation) and Core classifications verified against FDA Food Code violation severity definitions. State adoption variation is well-documented and verifiable through individual state health department websites.

Related Killed Claims

• “Federal HACCP regulations (21 CFR Parts 120 and 123, 9 CFR Parts 304, 310, and 417) apply to hospital food service.” Disconfirmed. These HACCP regulations apply to juice processing (Part 120), seafood processing (Part 123), and USDA-FSIS-regulated meat and poultry processing (9 CFR Parts 304, 310, 417). Hospital food service is governed by state-adopted Food Code provisions, not federal HACCP.
• “21 CFR §123.1 Applicability for Seafood HACCP.” Disconfirmed. §123.1 does not exist as an enumerated section. Part 123 Subpart A begins at §123.3 Definitions.
• “NACMCF requires HACCP plans for hospital food service.” Partial disconfirmation. The 1997 NACMCF “HACCP Principles and Application Guidelines” document names pest control as a prerequisite program for any food production operation but does not require formal HACCP plans for hospital food service specifically. Hospital food service prerequisite programs typically include pest control per NACMCF guidance even when full HACCP is not required.